Recognizing and addressing depression in the workplace
Depression is a serious mental health illness that affects about one in 10 Americans. It is marked by nonstop feelings of sadness, hopelessness and worthlessness. If untreated, it may last for months or years, and become worse.
The cost of depression to employers in the United States is estimated at $44 billion each year in lost productivity, according to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Survey data from the National Center for Health Statistics found that about 80% of depressed people noted some level of not being able to function, and 27% told of serious problems in their work and home lives.
The good news is that depression is treatable. But it often takes intervention by a friend, family member or colleague to encourage the depressed person to get help. Understand some of the causes and symptoms of depression, and you might be able to turn the tide for someone who is important to you.
Causes of Depression
Genetics It is seen more in people whose biological family members also have it.
Physiology and Biological Differences People with the illness appear to have experienced physical changes in their brains.
Neurotransmitters Naturally occurring brain chemicals linked to mood are thought to play a role.
Hormones Thyroid problems, pregnancy, menopause or other health problems can create hormone changes that can cause low mood.
Heart Disease, Heart Surgery or Stroke Some people get depressed after a heart attack, stroke or heart surgery.
Life Events The death or loss of a loved one, financial problems and stress can set it off. Sexual abuse or other painful events experienced during childhood can result in depression.
Psychological Negative thought patterns and beliefs, and low self-esteem can make a person more prone to depression.
Signs of Depression
Nonstop feelings of sadness
Crying frequently
Loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities (such as sports or family get-togethers)
Problems with focus, thinking, memory or decision making
Change in appetite
Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
Loss of energy
Feeling hopeless, helpless or worthless
Irritability
Body aches and pains
Digestion problems
Thoughts of killing oneself or attempts to kill oneself
Overuse of alcohol or drugs
Impact at the Workplace
People with depression may show some of these signs at work.
Showing up late and/or not at all
Uncharacteristic mistakes
Problems learning new tasks or following through with work
Decreased productivity
Lack of initiative
Poor relationships with co-workers or customers
New onset of irritability
Accidents and/or injuries
Complaints from other workers
Erratic work performance
Talking with Someone Who May Need Help
Often a depressed person will not tell a manager about his problem or seek help because of concerns about privacy and concerns about the impact on his job. But if a co-worker or employee you manage shares that he is depressed, consider taking these actions:
1. Talk in a private location without interruptions.
2. Give him time to tell you what’s on his mind.
3. Don’t judge or diagnose.
4. If he has not been clear, ask him what he wants you to do. He may only want your support. But don’t make promises you can’t keep. If you can grant his request, be flexible.
5. Urge him to get help from an employee assistance professional or health care professional. Don’t give him advice about the disease.
6. If he mentions that he has thoughts of killing himself, take immediate action. Call your employee assistance program, or call 9-1-1 to get help about how to handle the situation.